--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/dep/fmt/test/printf-test.cc	Thu Jun 20 05:56:06 2024 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - printf tests
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#include "fmt/printf.h"
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "fmt/xchar.h"
+#include "gtest-extra.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+using fmt::format;
+using fmt::format_error;
+using fmt::detail::max_value;
+
+const unsigned big_num = INT_MAX + 1u;
+
+// Makes format string argument positional.
+static std::string make_positional(fmt::string_view format) {
+  std::string s(format.data(), format.size());
+  s.replace(s.find('%'), 1, "%1$");
+  return s;
+}
+
+static std::wstring make_positional(fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t> format) {
+  std::wstring s(format.data(), format.size());
+  s.replace(s.find(L'%'), 1, L"%1$");
+  return s;
+}
+
+// A wrapper around fmt::sprintf to workaround bogus warnings about invalid
+// format strings in MSVC.
+template <typename... Args>
+std::string test_sprintf(fmt::string_view format, const Args&... args) {
+  return fmt::sprintf(format, args...);
+}
+template <typename... Args>
+std::wstring test_sprintf(fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t> format,
+                          const Args&... args) {
+  return fmt::sprintf(format, args...);
+}
+
+#define EXPECT_PRINTF(expected_output, format, arg)     \
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output, test_sprintf(format, arg)) \
+      << "format: " << format;                          \
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output, fmt::sprintf(make_positional(format), arg))
+
+TEST(printf_test, no_args) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", test_sprintf("test"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"test", fmt::sprintf(L"test"));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, escape) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("%", test_sprintf("%%"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("before %", test_sprintf("before %%"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("% after", test_sprintf("%% after"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("before % after", test_sprintf("before %% after"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("%s", test_sprintf("%%s"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"%", fmt::sprintf(L"%%"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"before %", fmt::sprintf(L"before %%"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"% after", fmt::sprintf(L"%% after"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"before % after", fmt::sprintf(L"before %% after"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"%s", fmt::sprintf(L"%%s"));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, positional_args) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("42", test_sprintf("%1$d", 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("before 42", test_sprintf("before %1$d", 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("42 after", test_sprintf("%1$d after", 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("before 42 after", test_sprintf("before %1$d after", 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("answer = 42", test_sprintf("%1$s = %2$d", "answer", 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("42 is the answer", test_sprintf("%2$d is the %1$s", "answer", 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("abracadabra", test_sprintf("%1$s%2$s%1$s", "abra", "cad"));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, automatic_arg_indexing) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", test_sprintf("%c%c%c", 'a', 'b', 'c'));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, number_is_too_big_in_arg_index) {
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%{}$", big_num)), format_error,
+                   "argument not found");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%{}$d", big_num)), format_error,
+                   "argument not found");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, switch_arg_indexing) {
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%1$d%", 1, 2), format_error,
+                   "cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%1$d%{}d", big_num), 1, 2),
+                   format_error, "number is too big");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%1$d%d", 1, 2), format_error,
+                   "cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
+
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%d%1$", 1, 2), format_error,
+                   "cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%d%{}$d", big_num), 1, 2), format_error,
+                   "cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%d%1$d", 1, 2), format_error,
+                   "cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+
+  // Indexing errors override width errors.
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%d%1${}d", big_num), 1, 2),
+                   format_error, "number is too big");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%1$d%{}d", big_num), 1, 2),
+                   format_error, "number is too big");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, invalid_arg_index) {
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%0$d", 42), format_error,
+                   "argument not found");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%2$d", 42), format_error,
+                   "argument not found");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%{}$d", INT_MAX), 42), format_error,
+                   "argument not found");
+
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%2$", 42), format_error, "argument not found");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%{}$d", big_num), 42), format_error,
+                   "argument not found");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, default_align_right) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("   42", "%5d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("  abc", "%5s", "abc");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, zero_flag) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042", "%05d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-0042", "%05d", -42);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042", "%05d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-0042", "%05d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-004.2", "%06g", -4.2);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+00042", "%00+6d", 42);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("   42", "%05.d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(" 0042", "%05.4d", 42);
+
+  // '0' flag is ignored for non-numeric types.
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("    x", "%05c", 'x');
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, plus_flag) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+42", "%+d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42", "%+d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+0042", "%+05d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+0042", "%0++5d", 42);
+
+  // '+' flag is ignored for non-numeric types.
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "%+c", 'x');
+
+  // '+' flag wins over space flag
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+42", "%+ d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42", "%+ d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+42", "% +d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42", "% +d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+0042", "% +05d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("+0042", "%0+ 5d", 42);
+
+  // '+' flag and space flag are both ignored for non-numeric types.
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "%+ c", 'x');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "% +c", 'x');
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, minus_flag) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("abc  ", "%-5s", "abc");
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("abc  ", "%0--5s", "abc");
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("7    ", "%-5d", 7);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("97   ", "%-5hhi", 'a');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("a    ", "%-5c", 'a');
+
+  // '0' flag is ignored if '-' flag is given
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("7    ", "%-05d", 7);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("7    ", "%0-5d", 7);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("a    ", "%-05c", 'a');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("a    ", "%0-5c", 'a');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("97   ", "%-05hhi", 'a');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("97   ", "%0-5hhi", 'a');
+
+  // '-' and space flag don't interfere
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(" 42", "%- d", 42);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, space_flag) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(" 42", "% d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42", "% d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(" 0042", "% 05d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(" 0042", "%0  5d", 42);
+
+  // ' ' flag is ignored for non-numeric types.
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "% c", 'x');
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, hash_flag) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("042", "%#o", 042);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("0{:o}", static_cast<unsigned>(-042)), "%#o", -042);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0", "%#o", 0);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0x42", "%#x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0X42", "%#X", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("0x{:x}", static_cast<unsigned>(-0x42)), "%#x",
+                -0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0", "%#x", 0);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0x0042", "%#06x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0x0042", "%0##6x", 0x42);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42.000000", "%#f", -42.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42.000000", "%#F", -42.0);
+
+  char buffer[256];
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%#e", -42.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(buffer, "%#e", -42.0);
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%#E", -42.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(buffer, "%#E", -42.0);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42.0000", "%#g", -42.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42.0000", "%#G", -42.0);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0x1.p+4", "%#a", 16.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0X1.P+4", "%#A", 16.0);
+
+  // '#' flag is ignored for non-numeric types.
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "%#c", 'x');
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, width) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("  abc", "%5s", "abc");
+
+  // Width cannot be specified twice.
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%5-5d", 42), format_error,
+                   "invalid format specifier");
+
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%{}d", big_num), 42), format_error,
+                   "number is too big");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf(format("%1${}d", big_num), 42), format_error,
+                   "number is too big");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, dynamic_width) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("   42", test_sprintf("%*d", 5, 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("42   ", test_sprintf("%*d", -5, 42));
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%*d", 5.0, 42), format_error,
+                   "width is not integer");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%*d"), format_error, "argument not found");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%*d", big_num, 42), format_error,
+                   "number is too big");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, int_precision) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042", "%.5d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-00042", "%.5d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042", "%.5x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0x00042", "%#.5x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042", "%.5o", 042);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042", "%#.5o", 042);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("  00042", "%7.5d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("  00042", "%7.5x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("   0x00042", "%#10.5x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("  00042", "%7.5o", 042);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("     00042", "%#10.5o", 042);
+
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042  ", "%-7.5d", 42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042  ", "%-7.5x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("0x00042   ", "%-#10.5x", 0x42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042  ", "%-7.5o", 042);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("00042     ", "%-#10.5o", 042);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, float_precision) {
+  char buffer[256];
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%.3e", 1234.5678);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(buffer, "%.3e", 1234.5678);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("1234.568", "%.3f", 1234.5678);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("1.23e+03", "%.3g", 1234.5678);
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%.3a", 1234.5678);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(buffer, "%.3a", 1234.5678);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, string_precision) {
+  char test[] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::sprintf("%.4s", test), "Hell");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, ignore_precision_for_non_numeric_arg) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("abc", "%.5s", "abc");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, dynamic_precision) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("00042", test_sprintf("%.*d", 5, 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("42", test_sprintf("%.*d", -5, 42));
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%.*d", 5.0, 42), format_error,
+                   "precision is not integer");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%.*d"), format_error, "argument not found");
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%.*d", big_num, 42), format_error,
+                   "number is too big");
+  if (sizeof(long long) != sizeof(int)) {
+    long long prec = static_cast<long long>(INT_MIN) - 1;
+    EXPECT_THROW_MSG(test_sprintf("%.*d", prec, 42), format_error,
+                     "number is too big");
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T> struct make_signed { using type = T; };
+
+#define SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(T, S) \
+  template <> struct make_signed<T> { using type = S; }
+
+SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(char, signed char);
+SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(unsigned char, signed char);
+SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(unsigned short, short);
+SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(unsigned, int);
+SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(unsigned long, long);
+SPECIALIZE_MAKE_SIGNED(unsigned long long, long long);
+
+// Test length format specifier ``length_spec``.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void test_length(const char* length_spec, U value) {
+  long long signed_value = 0;
+  unsigned long long unsigned_value = 0;
+  // Apply integer promotion to the argument.
+  unsigned long long max = max_value<U>();
+  using fmt::detail::const_check;
+  if (const_check(max <= static_cast<unsigned>(max_value<int>()))) {
+    signed_value = static_cast<int>(value);
+    unsigned_value = static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
+  } else if (const_check(max <= max_value<unsigned>())) {
+    signed_value = static_cast<unsigned>(value);
+    unsigned_value = static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
+  }
+  if (sizeof(U) <= sizeof(int) && sizeof(int) < sizeof(T)) {
+    signed_value = static_cast<long long>(value);
+    unsigned_value = static_cast<unsigned long long>(
+        static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<unsigned>::type>(value));
+  } else {
+    signed_value = static_cast<typename make_signed<T>::type>(value);
+    unsigned_value = static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type>(value);
+  }
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << signed_value;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(os.str(), fmt::format("%{}d", length_spec), value);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(os.str(), fmt::format("%{}i", length_spec), value);
+  os.str("");
+  os << unsigned_value;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(os.str(), fmt::format("%{}u", length_spec), value);
+  os.str("");
+  os << std::oct << unsigned_value;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(os.str(), fmt::format("%{}o", length_spec), value);
+  os.str("");
+  os << std::hex << unsigned_value;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(os.str(), fmt::format("%{}x", length_spec), value);
+  os.str("");
+  os << std::hex << std::uppercase << unsigned_value;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(os.str(), fmt::format("%{}X", length_spec), value);
+}
+
+template <typename T> void test_length(const char* length_spec) {
+  T min = std::numeric_limits<T>::min(), max = max_value<T>();
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, 42);
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, -42);
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, min);
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, max);
+  long long long_long_min = std::numeric_limits<long long>::min();
+  if (static_cast<long long>(min) > long_long_min)
+    test_length<T>(length_spec, static_cast<long long>(min) - 1);
+  unsigned long long long_long_max = max_value<long long>();
+  if (static_cast<unsigned long long>(max) < long_long_max)
+    test_length<T>(length_spec, static_cast<long long>(max) + 1);
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, std::numeric_limits<short>::min());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, max_value<unsigned short>());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, max_value<int>());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::min());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, max_value<unsigned>());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, std::numeric_limits<long long>::min());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, max_value<long long>());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::min());
+  test_length<T>(length_spec, max_value<unsigned long long>());
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, length) {
+  test_length<char>("hh");
+  test_length<signed char>("hh");
+  test_length<unsigned char>("hh");
+  test_length<short>("h");
+  test_length<unsigned short>("h");
+  test_length<long>("l");
+  test_length<unsigned long>("l");
+  test_length<long long>("ll");
+  test_length<unsigned long long>("ll");
+  test_length<intmax_t>("j");
+  test_length<size_t>("z");
+  test_length<std::ptrdiff_t>("t");
+  long double max = max_value<long double>();
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{:.6}", max), "%g", max);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{:.6}", max), "%Lg", max);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, bool) { EXPECT_PRINTF("1", "%d", true); }
+
+TEST(printf_test, int) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42", "%d", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("-42", "%i", -42);
+  unsigned u = 0 - 42u;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{}", u), "%u", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{:o}", u), "%o", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{:x}", u), "%x", -42);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{:X}", u), "%X", -42);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, long_long) {
+  // fmt::printf allows passing long long arguments to %d without length
+  // specifiers.
+  long long max = max_value<long long>();
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{}", max), "%d", max);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, float) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392.650000", "%f", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392.65", "%.2f", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392.6", "%.1f", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("393", "%.f", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392.650000", "%F", 392.65);
+  char buffer[256];
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%e", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(buffer, "%e", 392.65);
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%E", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(buffer, "%E", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392.65", "%g", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392.65", "%G", 392.65);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392", "%g", 392.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("392", "%G", 392.0);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("4.56e-07", "%g", 0.000000456);
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%a", -392.65);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, format("{:a}", -392.65));
+  safe_sprintf(buffer, "%A", -392.65);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, format("{:A}", -392.65));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, inf) {
+  double inf = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+  for (const char* type = "fega"; *type; ++type) {
+    EXPECT_PRINTF("inf", fmt::format("%{}", *type), inf);
+    char upper = static_cast<char>(std::toupper(*type));
+    EXPECT_PRINTF("INF", fmt::format("%{}", upper), inf);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, char) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "%c", 'x');
+  int max = max_value<int>();
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{}", static_cast<char>(max)), "%c", max);
+  // EXPECT_PRINTF("x", "%lc", L'x');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"x", L"%c", L'x');
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format(L"{}", static_cast<wchar_t>(max)), L"%c", max);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, string) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("abc", "%s", "abc");
+  const char* null_str = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("(null)", "%s", null_str);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("    (null)", "%10s", null_str);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"abc", L"%s", L"abc");
+  const wchar_t* null_wstr = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"(null)", L"%s", null_wstr);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"    (null)", L"%10s", null_wstr);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, pointer) {
+  int n;
+  void* p = &n;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{}", p), "%p", p);
+  p = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("(nil)", "%p", p);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("     (nil)", "%10p", p);
+  const char* s = "test";
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format("{:p}", s), "%p", s);
+  const char* null_str = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("(nil)", "%p", null_str);
+
+  p = &n;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format(L"{}", p), L"%p", p);
+  p = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"(nil)", L"%p", p);
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"     (nil)", L"%10p", p);
+  const wchar_t* w = L"test";
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(fmt::format(L"{:p}", w), L"%p", w);
+  const wchar_t* null_wstr = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF(L"(nil)", L"%p", null_wstr);
+}
+
+enum test_enum { answer = 42 };
+auto format_as(test_enum e) -> int { return e; }
+
+TEST(printf_test, enum) {
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("42", "%d", answer);
+  volatile test_enum volatile_enum = answer;
+  EXPECT_PRINTF("42", "%d", volatile_enum);
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+TEST(printf_test, examples) {
+  const char* weekday = "Thursday";
+  const char* month = "August";
+  int day = 21;
+  EXPECT_WRITE(stdout, fmt::printf("%1$s, %3$d %2$s", weekday, month, day),
+               "Thursday, 21 August");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, printf_error) {
+  fmt::file read_end, write_end;
+  fmt::file::pipe(read_end, write_end);
+  int result = fmt::fprintf(read_end.fdopen("r").get(), "test");
+  EXPECT_LT(result, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST(printf_test, wide_string) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"abc", fmt::sprintf(L"%s", L"abc"));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, vprintf) {
+  int n = 42;
+  auto store = fmt::format_arg_store<fmt::printf_context, int>(n);
+  auto args = fmt::basic_format_args<fmt::printf_context>(store);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::vsprintf(fmt::string_view("%d"), args), "42");
+  EXPECT_WRITE(stdout, fmt::vfprintf(stdout, fmt::string_view("%d"), args),
+               "42");
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+void check_format_string_regression(fmt::string_view s, const Args&... args) {
+  fmt::sprintf(s, args...);
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, check_format_string_regression) {
+  check_format_string_regression("%c%s", 'x', "");
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, fixed_large_exponent) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("1000000000000000000000", fmt::sprintf("%.*f", -13, 1e21));
+}
+
+TEST(printf_test, make_printf_args) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("[42] something happened",
+            fmt::vsprintf(fmt::string_view("[%d] %s happened"),
+                          {fmt::make_printf_args(42, "something")}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"[42] something happened",
+            fmt::vsprintf(fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t>(L"[%d] %s happened"),
+                          {fmt::make_wprintf_args(42, L"something")}));
+}